2IBA Paper 2 Markscheme
0: Answers not meeting the requirements of descriptors should be awarded no marks.
1–3: Answers do not meet the demands of the question and show little or no evidence of appropriate structure. There are no more than vague, unsupported assertions.
4–5: There is little understanding of the question. Historical details are present but are mainly inaccurate and/or of marginal relevance. Historical context or processes are barely understood and there is minimal focus on the task.
6–7: Answers indicate some understanding of the question but historical knowledge is limited in quality and quantity. Historical context may be present as will understanding of historical processes but underdeveloped. The question is only partially addressed.
8–9: The demands of the question are generally understood. Historical knowledge is present but is not fully or accurately detailed. Knowledge is narrative or descriptive in nature. There may be limited argument that requires further substantiation. Critical commentary may be present. An attempt to place events in historical context and show an understanding of historical processes. An attempt at a structured approach, either chronological or thematic has been made.
10–12: Answers indicate that the question is understood but not all implications considered. Knowledge is largely accurate. Critical commentary may be present. Events are generally placed in context and understanding of historical processes, such as comparison and contrast are present. There may be awareness of different approaches and interpretations but they are not based on relevant historical knowledge. There is a clear attempt at a structured approach.
13–15: Answers are clearly focused on the demands of the question. Specific knowledge is applied as evidence, and analysis or critical commentary are used appropriately to produce a specific argument. Events are placed in context and there is sound understanding of historical processes and comparison and contrast. Evaluation of different approaches may be used to substantiate arguments presented.
16–20: Answers are clearly structured and focused, have full awareness of the demands of the question, and if appropriate may challenge it. Detailed specific knowledge is used as evidence to support assertions and arguments. Historical processes such as comparison and contrast, placing events in context and evaluating different interpretations are used appropriately and effectively.
Analyze the long-term and short-term causes of the 1917 February/March Russian Revolution.
Markscheme
Students must clearly analyze the differences between LONG-TERM and SHORT-TERM causes. References should include but not limited to:
CAUSES OF THE MARCH [FEBRUARY] REVOLUTION OF 1917 [Why Was There A Revolution In February]?
1.Weakness of Russia – Size/ Peasants/ Poverty/ Corrupt autocracy/ Okhrana/ Censorship = lack of support.
2.War – army badly led and poorly equipped = huge defeats at Tannenberg & Masurian Lakes = anger and unrest.
3.Tsar and Tsarina unpopular – hated for Bloody Sunday 1905/ Tsar blamed for WWI defeats/ Tsarina in charge while Tsar commanded army – gave power to Rasputin/ incompetent govt. = Nicholas and Alexandra hated.
4.Attacks and opposition in the Duma – The Cadets were angry over lack of power; the Social Revolutionary Party wanted peasant revolt; the Social and Democratic Labour Party (split into Mensheviks & Bolsheviks) wanted Communist government = Duma didn’t support Government.
5.Reforms failed – Prime Minister Stolypin had tried reform – he let kulaks buy own land & tried to improve conditions for workers, but was murdered 1911 = last chance to reform was lost.
6.Industrialisation – created huge urban workforce & terrible conditions = disaffection in Petrograd.
7.Famine – Trains diverted to war effort so fewer supplies to cities/ 15 million men joined army/ high prices/ bad winter 1916-17 = demonstrations and bread riots.
WEAKNESS OF PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT [Government That’s Provisional Will Be Killed]
1.Government – Petrograd Soviet issues Order Number 1 (workers and soldiers only obey Provisional Government if Soviet agrees) = government has little power.
2.Terrible conditions – Continuing war led to worse inflation and food shortages = people feel let down.
3.Peasants – Took nobles land/ Provisional Government sent in troops = anger.
4.War – Russian defeat in Austria/ deserters executed = naval mutiny, desertions increased.
5.Bolsheviks were better organized – Lenin returned/ he published his ‘April Theses’ (saying 'Peace, Bread Land')/ ‘July Days’ riots – Provisional arrested leaders but allowed Bolshevik Party to continue = continued power for Bolsheviks.
6.Kornilov – Attempted right-wing coup August 1917/ Provisional Government had to ask Bolsheviks to help = appeared weak.
3IBA Mock Paper 1
1. (a) What, according to Source B, are the roots and causes of America's current economic situation?
Debt, overconsumption, taxes, unemployment, government/corporate mismanagement
(b) What is the message conveyed by Source A?
The United States, when compared to individual countries by state to state, has a very large economy. Some states are richer than others.
[3 marks]
[2 marks]
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the economic status of the United States. [6 marks]
Similiarities: Both talk about economics, both attempt to convey a much larger message
Differences: Source A implies economic strength/strength of US economy, Source B implies economic weakness/weakness of US economy
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Source A
and Source B for historians and economists studying the world's latest financial crisis. [6 marks]
Value: The Economist is a respected and experienced viewpoint on economics and political affairs. Using humor to convey a very complex situation. Using graphics that are easier to understand.
Limitations: Capitalist viewpoint, British viewpoint, conservative newspaper, vested interest in perpetuating the status quo. Comparing societies that have different values, history, structure. Limited assessment of state's full economy.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge, assess the reasons why the United States remains one of the world's richest nations while also one with enormous economic problems. (9 marks)
Possible answers could include: large population, stable economy, long-term control of world's resources, large army, educated population
Massive debt, unemployment, unstable political situation, Iraq and Afghanistan war, military committments, overextension of credit, corporate greed
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